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Preface This book provides a solid, quantitative and uptodated coverage
for a wide range of sustainable low carbon electricity generation
technologies. Three types of technologies are presented, renewable
energy, advanced technologies, and clean coal, tackling the
problems of pollution, energy shortage and climate change. Eleven
chapters are constructed, with Chapter 1, 5, 7 and 11 contributed
by Dr Changdong Sheng, with Chapter 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10
contributed by Dr Jiufa Chen. Chapter 1 introduces electricity
generation related energy and environment issues. Although
renewable energy is crucial and promising, clean coal technologies
still have indispensable importance to achieve sustainable energy
supply in the coming decades. Since solar energy is the dominant
renewable, Chapter 2 presents solar energy fundamentals: its
formation, trajectory, atmospheric attenuation and solar energy
distribution. Chapter 3 introduces solar PV technology, wafer or
thin film based, from materials (silicon, metal compounds or
organic materials) to PV cell, module and power plants. Chapter 4
dedicates to concentrating solar thermal power technologies, with
solar heat receivers made of parabolic troughs, Fresnel reflectors,
tower collectors, or dish collectors; using various types of heat
transfer fluids and heat storage systems; elaborated hybridization
and operation strategies. Chapter 5 is about hydropower, with three
topologies of hydropower plants introduced, impoundment,
runoffriver, and pumped storage, with different turbine
technologies. Chapter 6 deals with wind energy, wind distribution,
wind energy capture system, turbine control strategies, onshore and
offshore wind farms. Chapter 7 is about biomass, from various
biomass resources to their utilization technologies, including
energy recovery from municipal wastes. Chapter 8 tells about
geothermal energy, its formation, distribution, resource survey,
elaborated with three types of geothermal power plant technologies
based on dry steam, flash steam and binary cycle. Chapter 9
presents advanced fuel cell electricity generation technologies,
from five type fuel cell configurations to fuel cell stack and
power generation system. Chapter 10 presents clean and high
efficiency coal electricity generation technologies, from reducing
pollution and emission to improving efficiency, from retrofiting
existing coal plants, to constructing advance systems, such as
supercritical and ultrasupercritical conditions, pressurized
fluidized bed combustion, and integrated gasification combined
cycle. Chapter 11 focuses on technologies for reducing greenhouse
gas emission from fossil fuel power plants, CO2 capture, storage
and utilization. For each topic, the theoretical background is
introduced, practical engineering considerations associated with
designing systems and predicting their performance are provided,
and methods to evaluate the economics of these systems are
presented. The book is intended for a mixed audience of engineering
and other technologyfocused individuals, undergraduate,
postgraduate students. The book has been designed to encourage
selfteaching by providing completely worked case studies, typical
parameter values and design guidance. Each chapter ends with a set
of exercises that provide added practice for the student, which
should also facilitate the preparation of homework assignments by
the instructor.The authors wish to express their thanks to School
of Energy and Environment of Southeast University for the
publication funds. Appreciations are given to Nari Group
Corporation and to Trina Solar China for sharing the PV technology
data. The authors also wish to thank Miss Nan Wang and Mr Kunming
Zhuang for their assistance in editing Chapter 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 and
10. Contents Chapter 1Energy and Environment1 1.1Sustainable Development and Mitigation of Climate Change1 1.2Sustainable Energy4 1.3Mitigation of CO2 Emissions7 1.4Renewable and Advanced Electricity Generation
Technologies10 Exercises 15 References15 Chapter 2Sun and Solar Energy16 2.1Sun Data16 2.2Solar Radiation19 2.3Solar Energy Application24 Exercises29 References29 Chapter 3Solar Photovoltaic Power31 3.1PV Fundamentals31 3.2PV Cell 42 3.3PV Module 54 3.4PV Application60 3.5Summary72 Exercises73 References74 Chapter 4Concentrating Solar Power75 4.1CSP System Common Features75 4.2Parabolic Trough Systems81 4.3Fresnel Reflector Solar Thermal Power Systems94 4.4Tower Power Systems98 4.5Dish/Stirling Systems108 4.6Heat Transfer Fluid and Heat Storage 115 4.7Summary125 Exercises126 References 126 Chapter 5Hydropower127 5.1Prospect of Hydropower128 5.2Physics of Hydropower129 5.3Types of Hydropower Plants129 5.4Hydropower System133 5.5Types of Hydropower Turbines134 5.6Characteristics of Hydropower137 Exercises144 References145 Chapter 6Wind Power146 6.1Wind Energy Resource146 6.2Wind Power Fundamentals152 6.3Wind Power System162 6.4 Power Generation Technologies167 6.5 Control Technologies 172 6.6Wind Farm179 6.7Summary187 Exercises188 References189 Chapter 7Biomass Power190 7.1Introduction190 7.2Biomass Classification190 7.3Biomass Resources in China192 7.4Biomass Characteristics193 7.5Biomass Utilization for Electricity Generation196 7.6Direct Combustion of Biomass for Electricity Generation197 7.7Cofiring Biomass for Electricity Generation201 7.8Gasification207 7.9Solid Wastes and Their Treatments213 Exercises217 References217 Chapter 8Geothermal Power218 8.1Earth and Geothermal Energy218 8.2DrySteam Power Plants226 8.3Flash Steam Power Plants230 8.4Binary Cycle Power Plants240 8.5Geothermal Resource Survey249 8.6Silica Precipitation Control256 8.7Environmental Aspects259 8.8Summary262 Exercises262 References264 Chapter 9Fuel Cell Power265 9.1Fuel Cell Fundamentals265 9.2Types of Fuel Cells272 9.3Fuel Cell Stack and Power Generation System278 9.4Case Study—Design A Portable Fuel Cell283 9.5Summary286 Exercises287 References287 Chapter 10Clean Coal Power Technology288 10.1Clean Coal Technology288 10.2Coal Power Plant Retrofit291 10.3Advanced Coal Power Technology294 10.4Solar Steam and Coal Hybrid Power296 10.5Case Study—A Solar & Coal Hybrid Power Project299 Exercises300 References300 Chapter 11CO2 Capture and Storage301 11.1Technical Options for CO2 Mitigation301 11.2CCS for Fossil FuelBased Power Plants302 11.3CO2 Capture303 11.4CO2 Storage310 Exercises311 References312 |
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